[Webmaster Note: The following division information is reproduced
from the public domain publication, The Army Almanac: A Book of
Facts Concerning the Army of the United States, U.S. Government Printing Office,
1950. Portions of the information may be out of date. Only minor formatting changes and
typographical corrections have been made.]
World War I
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Activated: July 1917 (National Guard Division from New York).
Overseas: Early summer 1918.
Major Operations: Meuse-Argonne, Ypres-Lys, Somme offensive.
Casualties: Total 8,334 (KIA - 1,442; WIA - 6,892).
Commanders:
Maj. Gen. J. F. O'Ryan (16 July 1917),
Brig. Gen. C. L. Phillips (19 September 1917),
Maj. Gen. J. F. O'Ryan (6 December 1917),
Brig. Gen. C. L. Phillips (23 December 1917),
Maj. Gen. J. F. O'Ryan (29 December 1917),
Brig. Gen. C. L. Phillips (22 February 1918),
Maj. Gen. J. F. O'Ryan (1 March 1918),
Brig. Gen. Palmer E. Pierce (16 June 1918),
Maj. Gen. J. F. O'Ryan (18 June 1918),
Brig. Gen. Palmer E. Pierce (14 November 1918),
Maj. Gen. J. F. O'Ryan (23 November 1918).
Inactivated: April 1919.
World War II
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Activated: 15 October 1940.
Overseas: 10 March 1942.
Campaigns: Various elements participated in several campaigns in the
Pacific but not the entire division.
Distinguished Unit Citations: 2.
Awards: MH-3; DSC-21; DSM-2; SS-412; LM-15; SM-13; BSM-986; AM-9.
Commanders:
Maj. Gen. William N. Haskell (October 1940-October 1941),
Brig. Gen. Ralph McT. Pennell (November 1941-October 1942),
Maj. Gen. Ralph C. Smith (November 1942-May 1944),
Maj. Gen. George W. Griner, Jr. (June 1944-December 1945).
Returned to U.S.: 15 December 1945.
Inactivated: 31 December 1945.
Combat Chronicle
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The 27th Infantry Division arrived in Hawaii, 21 May 1942, to defend the
outer islands from amphibious attack. Elements of the Division first saw action in the
attack and capture of Makin Atoll in the Gilbert Islands, 21 to 24 November 1943. One
battalion of the 106th Regiment participated in the attack on Eniwetok
Atoll, 19-26 February 1944, returning to Oahu in March. During this
mission, one battalion landed unopposed on Majuro Island, 1 February, and
completed its seizure, 3 February. The Division began preparations for the
Marianas operations, 15 March. On D-day plus 1, 16 June 1944, elements
landed at night on Saipan to support the Second and Fourth Marines. A bridgehead
was established and Aslito Airfield captured, 18 June. Fighting continued
throughout June. During a pitched battle, 7 July, Japanese overran elements of the
Division in a banzai attack, but organized resistance was crushed the next day. During
the months of July and August, the 27th cleaned out isolated pockets in the
mountains and cliffs of Saipan. Beginning in the middle of August, the Division
moved to the New Hebrides for rest and rehabilitation. On 25 March 1945, the
27th sailed from Espiritu Santo, arriving at Okinawa, 9 April 1945. The Division
participated in the XXIV Corps general attack, 19 April 1945, securing a
dominating ridge line south of Machinato and Kakazu. Machinato Airfield was
captured, 28 April, after a severe struggle. On 1 May, the Division was
relieved by the 1st Marine Division and attached to the Island Command for
garrison duty. Tori Shima was seized, 12 May, without opposition. The 27th attacked
from the south end of Ishikawa Isthmus to sweep the northern sector of Okinawa. The
enemy fought bitterly on Onnatake Hill from 23 May until 2 June, before
losing the strong point. After a mopping-up period, the Division
left Okinawa, 7 September 1945, moved to Japan and occupied Niigata and Fukushima Prefectures.
General
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Nickname: New York.
Shoulder patch: Khaki-bordered circle with black background and within a red
circle the letters "NY" worked into a monogram; with the red circle are
stars depicting Orion.
Association: 27th Division Association.
Publication: History of the 27th Infantry Division; by unit members; The
Infantry Journal, Washington, D.C.; 1947.
See Also:
6th Infantry Division,
7th Infantry Division,
24th Infantry Division,
25th Infantry Division,
31st Infantry Division,
32nd Infantry Division,
33rd Infantry Division,
37th Infantry Division,
38th Infantry Division,
40th Infantry Division,
41st Infantry Division,
43rd Infantry Division,
77th Infantry Division,
81st Infantry Division,
93rd Infantry Division,
96th Infantry Division,
98th Infantry Division,
11th Airborne Division,
1st Cavalry Division,
Americal Division,
Philippine Division
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